Bitrate
The amount of data used per second of video. Measured in Mbps (megabits per seco...
Framerate
Number of frames displayed per second, measured in fps. Common values: 24 (cinem...
Codec
Software that compresses (encodes) and decompresses (decodes) video data. Exampl...
Container
A file format that holds video, audio, and metadata streams. Examples: MP4, MKV,...
HDR (High Dynamic Range)
Technology that expands the range of colors and brightness in video, providing m...
SDR (Standard Dynamic Range)
Standard video dynamic range used before HDR. Covers a narrower range of brightn...
VBR (Variable Bitrate)
Encoding method that varies the bitrate based on scene complexity. More efficien...
CBR (Constant Bitrate)
Encoding method that maintains the same bitrate throughout. Used for live stream...
Keyframe (I-frame)
A complete video frame that stores all image data, without referencing other fra...
GOP (Group of Pictures)
A sequence of frames between two keyframes. Shorter GOPs (e.g., 1 second) enable...
Interlaced
A technique that splits each frame into two fields (odd and even lines). Used in...
Progressive
Displays the entire frame in one pass. Standard for modern video. Produces smoot...
Transcoding
Converting video from one codec to another (e.g., H.264 to AV1). Requires signif...
Transmuxing
Converting video from one container to another without re-encoding (e.g., MKV to...
Latency
The delay between capturing video and it being displayed to the viewer. Critical...
Chroma Sampling
A technique that reduces color resolution while preserving brightness detail. Co...
Bit Depth
Number of bits used to represent each color channel. 8-bit (standard), 10-bit (H...
FPS (Frames Per Second)
The frequency at which consecutive frames appear on a display. Higher FPS result...
Lossless
Compression method that preserves every pixel of the original video. No quality ...
Lossy
Compression method that discards some video data to reduce file size. Most video...
Muxing (Multiplexing)
Combining separate video, audio, and subtitle streams into a single container fi...
Demuxing (Demultiplexing)
Extracting separate streams (video, audio, subtitles) from a container file. Use...
Metadata
Information embedded in video files including title, author, date, camera settin...
Thumbnail
A preview image representing the video content. Usually extracted from a key fra...
Storyboard
A sequence of drawings or images that plans out the visual flow of a video produ...
Subtitles
Text displayed on screen that translates or transcribes dialogue. Can be soft (s...
Closed Captions (CC)
Subtitles that also describe non-dialogue audio elements like sound effects, mus...
Audio Codec
Software that compresses and decompresses digital audio. Common examples: AAC, M...
Sample Rate
Number of audio samples per second, measured in Hz. Common values: 44100 Hz (CD)...
Surround Sound
Multi-channel audio system that creates an immersive sound field. Configurations...
Dolby Digital
Audio compression technology by Dolby Laboratories. Supports up to 5.1 channels....
DTS (Digital Theater Systems)
Multi-channel audio format competing with Dolby. Known for higher bitrates. Used...
Opus
Royalty-free audio codec by IETF. Excellent quality at all bitrates. Used in Web...
Encoder
Software or hardware that converts raw video/audio into a compressed format usin...
Decoder
Software or hardware that decompresses compressed video/audio for playback. Requ...
Constant Quality (CRF/CQ)
Encoding mode that maintains consistent visual quality by varying bitrate dynami...
Two-Pass Encoding
Encoding method that analyzes the video once to determine optimal bitrate distri...
Hardware Encoding
Using dedicated hardware (GPU/NPU) to encode video. Faster than software encodin...
Software Encoding
Using CPU to encode video. Slower than hardware encoding but produces better qua...
HLS (HTTP Live Streaming)
Apple's adaptive bitrate streaming protocol. Divides video into small HTTP-based...
DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming)
International standard for adaptive bitrate streaming over HTTP. Open standard a...
CBR Audio (Constant Bitrate)
Audio encoding that maintains the same bitrate throughout. Predictable file size...
VBR Audio (Variable Bitrate)
Audio encoding that varies bitrate based on complexity. More efficient than CBR....
DRM (Digital Rights Management)
Technology that controls access to copyrighted video content. Used by streaming ...
Screen Recording
Capturing computer or device screen activity as a video file. Common for tutoria...
Color Space
The range of colors and how they are represented in video. Common spaces: Rec.60...
HDR10
Open HDR standard using 10-bit color depth and static metadata. Widely supported...
Dolby Vision
Premium HDR format by Dolby. Supports 12-bit color, dynamic metadata, and up to ...
Bitrate Management
Strategy for distributing available bitrate across a video to balance quality an...
Scene Detection
Algorithm that identifies cuts and transitions between scenes in a video. Used f...